Seguimiento de niños con diagnóstico de asma grave antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Follow-up of children diagnosed with severe asthma before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

En la pandemia por COVID-19 se exploraron estrategias de atención para garantizar el seguimiento de niños con asma grave. Estudio prospectivo, observacional, comparativo. Se incluyeron pacientes del programa de asma grave de un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel (n 74). Se evaluó el grado de control, exacerbaciones y hospitalizaciones durante un período presencial (PP), marzo 2019-2020, y uno virtual (PV), abril 2020-2021. En el PP, se incluyeron 74 pacientes vs. 68 (92 %) del PV. En el PP, el 68 % (46) de los pacientes presentaron exacerbaciones vs. el 46 % (31) de los pacientes en el PV (p 0,003). En el PP, se registraron 135 exacerbaciones totales vs. 79 en el PV (p 0,001); hubo una reducción del 41 %. En el PP, el 47 % (32) de los pacientes tuvieron exacerbaciones graves vs. el 32 % (22) de los pacientes en el PV (p 0,048). Hubo 91 exacerbaciones graves en el PP vs. 49 en el PV (p 0,029), reducción del 46 %. No hubo diferencias en las hospitalizaciones (PP 10, PV 6; p 0,9). La telemedicina fue efectiva para el seguimiento de pacientes con asma grave

During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care strategies were explored to ensure the follow-up of children with severe asthma. This was a prospective, observational, and comparative study. Patients in the severe asthma program of a tertiary care children's hospital were included (n: 74). The extent of control, exacerbations, and hospitalizations during an in-person period (IPP) (March 2019­2020) and an online period (OP) (April 2020­2021) was assessed. A total of 74 patients were enrolled in the IPP compared to 68 (92%) in the OP. During the IPP, 68% (46) of patients had exacerbations versus 46% (31) during the OP (p = 0.003). During the IPP, 135 total exacerbations were recorded compared to 79 during the OP (p = 0.001); this accounted for a 41% reduction. During the IPP, 47% (32) of patients had severe exacerbations versus 32% (22) during the OP (p = 0.048). A total of 91 severe exacerbations were recorded during the IPP compared to 49 during the OP (p = 0.029); the reduction was 46%. No differences were observed in terms of hospitalization (IPP: 10, OP: 6; p = 0,9). Telemedicine was effective for the follow-up of patients with severe asthma.

Láser CO2 vaginal, indicaciones y aplicaciones / Vaginal CO2 laser, indications and applications

El síndrome genitourinario es una entidad hoy en día cada vez más frecuente en la mujer posmenopáusica, con signos y síntomas muy característicos que llevan a la pérdida de calidad de vida de las pacientes, generados por la disminución de estrógenos. Su diagnóstico se realiza mediante una buena historia clínica, exámenes hormonales, estudios urodinámicos y de pH vaginal. Su clínica varía desde sequedad vaginal, atrofia de la misma, vaginitis a repetición, pérdida de orina al esfuerzo, nicturia y dispareunia. A los largo de los años se han protocolizado diferentes tratamientos como reemplazos hormonales, lubricantes y cirugías invasivas vaginales. Pero en los últimos años ha aparecido una nueva terapéutica de láser CO2 fraccionado. Materiales y método. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de seis años de evolución, entre los años 2017 y 2023, con más de 300 pacientes tratadas con tecnología láser CO2 fraccionado, con criterios de inclusión y exclusión, protocolizando 3 sesiones cada 30 días y controles hasta los 6 meses. Resultados. Para evaluar los resultados se diseñó una encuentra de satisfacción de 5 puntos, la cual fue presentada luego de cada sesión, encontrando un alto grado de satisfacción en la mejoría clínica a medida que transcurrían las sesiones, con un muy bajo índice de complicaciones. También biopsias con mejorías histológicas que demuestran resultados. Discusión. La aplicación de esta nueva tecnología láser nos abre una posibilidad terapéutica segura, rápida y efectiva para mejorar la sintomatología y calidad de vida de nuestras pacientes con síndrome genitourinario, sumando una nueva terapéutica a todo el arsenal de tratamientos médico-quirúrgicos disponibles a la fecha. Conclusiones. El síndrome genitourinario es una entidad prácticamente inevitable, con síntomas desde leves a graves, que afecta la calidad de vida personal, sexual y social. Los tratamientos hasta la fecha hormonales, tópicos o quirúrgicos han dado mediocres resultados sin estar exentos de complicaciones, por lo que la aparición de la tecnología láser CO2 fraccionada nos ha dado el plus necesario para aportar un tratamiento seguro, eficaz, con mínimas complicaciones y una curva de aprendizaje pequeña

Genitourinary syndrome is an increasingly frequent entity in postmenopausal women today, with very characteristic signs and symptoms that lead to a loss of quality of life in patients, generated by estrogen depletion, whose diagnosis is made through a good clinical history, hormonal tests, urodynamic and vaginal pH studies. Its symptoms vary from vaginal dryness, vaginal atrophy, repeated vaginitis, loss of urine on exertion, nocturia and dyspareunia. Over the years, different treatments have been protocolized, such as hormone replacements, lubricants, and invasive vaginal surgeries. But in recent years a new fractionated CO2 laser therapy has appeared. Materials and method. A retrospective study of six years of evolution was carried out, between the years 2017 and 2023, with more than 300 patients treated with fractionated CO2 laser technology, with inclusion and exclusion criteria, protocolizing 3 sessions every 30 days and controls until the 6 months. Results. To evaluate the results, a 5-point satisfaction score was designed, which was presented after each session, finding a high degree of satisfaction in the clinical improvement as the sessions progressed with a very low indication of complications. Also biopsies with histological improvements that demonstrate results. Discussion. The application of this new laser technology opens up a safe, fast and effective therapeutic possibility to improve the symptoms and quality of life of our patients with genitourinary syndrome, adding a new therapeutic option to the arsenal of medical-surgical treatments available to date. Conclusions. Genitourinary syndrome is a practically inevitable entity, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, affecting the quality of personal, sexual and social life. The hormonal, topical or surgical treatments to date have given mediocre results, not being free of complications, so the appearance of fractionated CO2 laser technology has given us the necessary extra to provide a safe, effective treatment, with minimal complications. and a small learning curve.

Calidad asistencial y seguimiento de los pacientes operados por cáncer colorrectal en un Hospital de Paysandú, Uruguay / Quality of care and follow-up of patients operated on forcolorectal cancer at the Paysandú Hospital, Uruguay

Introducción: el cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es la segunda causa de muerte dentro de las enfermedades neoplásicas. El pronóstico individual está signado por el estadio de la enfermedad al momento del diagnóstico y la posibilidad de realizar un tratamiento curativo. Este también depende de la estratificación post quirúrgica y de la aparición de complicaciones ulteriores. El objetivo del seguimiento es diagnosticar la recidiva en un estadio potencialmente curable y detectar otros cánceres primarios. Objetivo: realizar una valoración de la calidad de la cirugía colorrectal y el seguimiento de los pacientes operados de CCR en nuestro hospital. Diseño: estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo. Material y métodos: se analizaron todos los pacientes con CCR operados en el servicio de cirugía del Hospital de Paysandú entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2020. Se describen diversas variables que influyen en la calidad quirúrgica y se analizan las relacionadas al seguimiento post operatorio dividiendo a los pacientes en 3 grupos, seguimiento completo, perdidos y sin datos de seguimiento. Resultados: se incluyeron 39 pacientes, con una edad media de 68 años. El 28% se diagnosticaron en estadio IV, con porcentajes bajos en estadios tempranos. Hubo 57% de cirugías de urgencia y 43% electivas. La causa más frecuente de urgencia fue la oclusión intestinal (36,6%). La tasa de dehiscencia anastomótica fue 16,6% y la de mortalidad 15,3%. Solo el 33% de los pacientes tuvieron seguimiento completo. Conclusión: existe un déficit en la atención y el seguimiento de los pacientes operados por CCR en nuestro hospital. Se impone la creación de un equipo específico en el área de coloproctología, así como un protocolo de seguimiento unificado para mejorar estos resultados. (AU)

Introduction: colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of death among neoplastic diseases. The individual prognosis is determined by the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis and the possibility of curative treatment. This also depends on the postsurgical stratification and the appearance of subsequent complications. The goal of follow-up is to diagnose recurrence at a potentially curable stage and detect other primary cancers. Objective: to carry out an evaluation of the quality of colorectal surgery and the follow-up of patients operated on for CRC in our hospital. Design: descriptive, retrospective observational study. Material and methods: all patients with CRC operated on in the surgery service of the Paysandú Hospital between January 2017 and December 2020 were analyzed. Variables that influence surgical quality are described and those related to postoperative follow-up are analyzed by dividing patients in 3 groups, complete follow-up, lost to follow-up and without follow-up data. Results: Thirty-nine patients were included, with a mean age of 68 years. Twenty-eight percent were diagnosed in stage IV, with low percentages in early stages. There were 57% emergency procedures and 43% elective proceduress. The most common cause of emergency was intestinal obstruction (36.6%). The anastomotic dehiscence rate was 16.6% and the mortality rate was 15.3%. Only 33% of patients had complete follow-up. Conclusion: there is a deficit in the care and follow-up of patients undergoing CRC surgery in our hospital. The creation of a specific team in the area of coloproctology is required, as well as a unified monitoring protocol to improve these results. (AU)

Ligadura del trayecto fistuloso interesfinteriano. Nuestros resultados / Ligation of the intersphincteric fistulatract. Our results

Introducción: existen varias técnicas para el tratamiento quirúrgico de las fístulas anales, con variables resultados. La técnica de ligadura del trayecto fistuloso interesfinteriano (LIFT) consiste en la disección del espacio entre ambos esfínteres para localizar el trayecto fistuloso y proceder a su ligadura y sección. Objetivo: evaluar nuestros resultados con la técnica de LIFT para del tratamiento de las fístulas anales transesfinterianas. Diseño: retrospectivo, observacional de corte transversal. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con fístulas transesfinterianas tratados con LIFT desde enero de 2013 a diciembre 2020. El seguimiento postoperatorio se realizó hasta los 2 años. Resultados: se operaron 62 pacientes. El sexo predominante fue masculino. Hubo 47 pacientes con fístulas transesfinterianas bajas y 15 con fístulas transesfinterianas altas. En todos se identificó el trayecto fistuloso realizándose ligadura de ambos cabos del trayecto interesfinteriano y se procedió a un curetaje del trayecto a través del orificio externo. Cinco pacientes (8%) presentaron dehiscencia de piel a nivel de la incisión del espacio interesfinteriano, manejado en forma conservadora. Este grupo tuvo una cicatrización mas retardada de 4 semanas. Ocurrió recidiva en 22 (35,5%) pacientes. Conclusión: La técnica de LIFT parece una alternativa eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de las fístulas transesfinterianas bajas y altas ya que no altera la anatomía ni la continencia. (AU)

Introduction: there are various techniques for the surgical treatment of anal fistulas, with variable results. The ligation procedure of the intersphincteric fistulous tract (LIFT) consists of dissecting the space between both sphincters to locate the fistulous tract and proceed to its ligation and section. Objective: to evaluate our results with the LIFT procedure for the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistulas. Design: retrospective, cross-sectional observational study. Material and methods: all patients with transsphincteric fistulas treated with LIFT from January 2013 to December 2020 were included. Postoperative follow-up was carried out for up to 2 years. Results: sixty-two patients underwent surgery. The predominant sex was male. There were 47 patients with low transsphincteric fistulas and 15 with high transsphincteric fistulas. After identifying the fistulous tract in the intersphincteric groove, both ends were ligated and the tract was cut. Finally, curettage of the tract through the external orifice was performed. Five patients (8%) presented skin dehiscence at the level of the intersphincteric groove incision, managed conservatively. This group had a longer healing time of four weeks. Recurrence occurred in 22 (35.5%) patients. Conclusion: the LIFT procedure appears to be an effective and safe alternative for the treatment of low and high transsphincteric fistulas, since it does not alter the anatomy or continence. (AU)

Compromiso de las articulaciones vecinas en la evolución alejada de la artrodesis de tobillo / Compromise of adjacent joints in long-term evolution of ankle arthrodesis

Introducción: La artrodesis tibioastragalina es una opción para tratar la artrosis de tobillo en pacientes que no responden a las medidas conservadoras. Su principal desventaja es el compromiso a mediano y largo plazo de las articulaciones vecinas. Objetivo: Determinar el compromiso de las articulaciones vecinas a mediano y largo plazo, y su impacto sobre los resultados funcionales en los pacientes con artrodesis de tobillo. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluó a una serie de 11 pacientes (6 mujeres y 5 hombres). El diagnóstico inicial era artrosis postraumática (9 casos), artritis séptica (1 caso) y lesión osteocondral de astrágalo (1 caso). El promedio de edad al operarse era de 50 años. La media de seguimiento fue de 9 años. Se evaluó el compromiso radiográfico de las articulaciones vecinas. La función se valoró mediante la escala analógica visual para dolor, la escala de la AOFAS y un cuestionario simple de satisfacción. Resultados: Diez pacientes (91%) tenían artrosis en alguna de las articulaciones vecinas. El puntaje medio en la escala analógica visual fue de 2,6 y el de la escala de la AOFAS, de 71. Nueve refirieron estar muy satisfechos; uno, medianamente satisfecho y otro se manifestó insatisfecho. Conclusión: El compromiso de las articulaciones vecinas es muy frecuente a largo plazo, pero esto no repercute directamente en los resultados funcionales. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: Tibiotalar arthrodesis is an option in the treatment of ankle osteoarthritis in patients who do not respond to conservative measures. Its main disadvantage is the compromise of adjacent joints in the medium and long term. Objective: To determine the involvement of adjacent joints in the medium and long term and its impact on functional outcomes in patients with ankle arthrodesis. Materials and Methods: We evaluated a series of 11 patients, 6 females and 5 males. The initial diagnosis was post-traumatic osteoarthritis (9 cases), septic arthritis (1 case), and osteochondral lesion of the talus (1 case). The mean age at the time of surgery was 50 years. The mean follow-up was 9 years. The radiographic compromise of the adjacent joints was evaluated. The patients were functionally evaluated using the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS), the AOFAS scale (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score), and a simple satisfaction questionnaire. Results: 10 patients (91%) presented with osteoarthritis of one of the adjacent joints. The average score on the VAS was 2.6, while on the AOFAS scale, it was 71. Nine patients reported being very satisfied, one was moderately satisfied, and one was dissatisfied. Conclusion: The involvement of adjacent joints is very frequent in the long term, but this does not have a direct impact on the patient's functional outcomes. Level of Evidence: IV

Anatomical Conditions in Simultaneous Orthognathic Surgery and Structural Rhinoplasty. A Clinical Series / Condiciones Anatómicas en Cirugía Ortognática y Rinoplastia Estructural Simultanea. Una Seria Clínica

SUMMARY: Orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty show synergy in terms of function and aesthetic results. The aim of this research is to analyze variables related to simultaneous orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty and to discuss the surgical sequence. Male and female subjects between 18 and 45 years old were included in this research. Diagnosis related to nasal morphology (nasal tip bifid, rotate, square and others as well as the alae morphology and columella), facial deformity (sagittal and vertical deformity), type of surgery (rhinoplasty techniques and orthognathic techniques) and complications were included. The minimum follow-up was 12 months; Chi- Square and t test were used to define correlations, considering a value of p<0.05 for statistical significance. Class III facial deformity was observed in 40 % of subjects and class II facial deformity was present in 43 %. For the nasal deformities, the tip and nasal bridge were most prevalent; primary nasal deformity was observed in the 83 % of subjects and was significant more than secondary nasal deformity (p=0.042). Bimaxillary surgery was performed in 31 cases (88 %). In 10 cases a change of the original plan for rhinoplasty due to previous maxillary surgery was realized, mainly in class III facial deformity, with no statistical differences. Revision rhinoplasty was realized in 5 cases (14 %) and was not related to surgical variables; revision for orthognathic surgery was not necessary in this series. Rhinoplasty and orthognathic surgery simultaneously show low complications and predictable results. We can conclude that maxillary mandibular osteotomies and rhinoplasty could be performed safely. However, larger studies are necessary to understand the best choice and variables involved in simultaneous procedures and soft tissue response.

La cirugía ortognática y la rinoplastia muestran sinergia en términos de resultados funcionales y estéticos. EL objetivo de esta investigación es analizar variables relacionadas con la cirugía ortognática y rinoplastia ejecutada de forma simultanea. Fueron incluidos hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 45 años de edad. EL diagnóstico fue en base a la morfología nasal (punta bífida, rotada, cuadrada u otras así como alteraciones del ala nasal y columela), deformidad facial (deformidad sagital y vertical), tipo de cirugía (técnica de rinoplastia y cirugía ortognática) y complicaciones asociadas. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 12 meses; se utilizo las prueba t test y chi cuadrado para definir relaciones estadísticas considerando un valor de p< 0,05 para obtener diferencias significativas. La deformidad clase III fue observada en el 40 % de los sujetos y la deformidad facial de clase II se presento en el 43 %. Para la deformidad nasal, las alteraciones de a punta nasal y nasal fueron mas prevalentes; la deformidad nasal primaria se presentó en el 83 % de los sujetos y fue significativamente mayor que la deformidad nasal secundaria (p=0,042). La cirugía bimaxilar se realizó en 31 casos (88 %); en 10 casos se realizó el cambio del plan quirúrgico inicial de la rinoplastia debido a cambios generados en la cirugía maxilar previa, mayormente en deformidad facial de clase III, sin presentar diferencias significativas. La rinoplastia de revisión fue realizada en 5 casos (14 %) y no fue relacionada con ninguna variable de tipo quirúrgica; la revisión de cirugía ortognática no fue realizada en ningún caso de esta serie. La rinoplastia y la cirugía ortognática simultanea mostraron bajas complicaciones y resultados predecibles. Se puede concluir que la osteotomía maxilo mandibular y la rinoplastia son seguras; sin embargo, estudios de mayor volumen son necesarios para entender la mejor opción y variables relacionadas con procedimientos simultáneos y la respuesta de tejidos blandos faciales.

Rectopexia laparoscópica con técnica de Orr-Loygue para el tratamiento del prolapso rectal / Laparoscopic Orr-Loygue rectopexy with mesh for the treatment of rectal prolapse

Introducción: Existen múltiples alternativas para el tratamiento quirúrgico del prolapso rectal mediante procedimientos de fijación, resección o combinados. Si bien el abordaje perineal evita el acceso a la cavidad peritoneal, se acompaña de una tasa de recidiva mayor en relación al abordaje abdominal. Descripción: Se presenta una paciente de 66 años, histerectomizada por vía laparotómica, con un prolapso rectal externo y reductible de 1 año de evolución, sin incontinencia fecal ni constipación. La endoscopia preoperatoria descartó patología colónica asociada. Abordaje laparoscópico en posición de Trendelenburg lateralizado a la derecha. Como es habitual en estos casos se observa la presencia de dolicosigma y fondo de saco de Douglas profundo y se evidencia también la cicatriz de la cesárea. El procedimiento comienza con la apertura peritoneal a nivel del promontorio y la movilización de la unión rectosigmoidea, identificando el uréter izquierdo. Se continua la disección circunferencial tras la apertura de la reflexión peritoneal hasta la altura de la cúpula vaginal. La rectopexia se realiza según la técnica de Orr-Loygue mediante la fijación de la malla por una parte a ambas caras laterales del recto y por otra al promontorio sacro con puntos de polipropileno 2-0, cuidando de no lesionar los vasos ilíacos y los uréteres. Finalmente se cierra la reflexión peritoneal con poliglactina para aislar las mallas protésicas del contenido visceral. La paciente tuvo una buena evolución postoperatoria, otorgándose el alta a las 48 h. Tras 8 meses de seguimiento se encuentra asintomática, con tránsito digestivo y continencia fecal sin alteraciones. Conclusión: El abordaje laparoscópico para el tratamiento del prolapso rectal es seguro y ofrece las ventajas de la cirugía mini-invasiva. La rectopexia con malla protésica es un procedimiento técnicamente desafiante, aunque con mejores resultados alejados. (AU)

Introduction: There are multiple alternatives for the surgical treatment of rectal prolapse through fixation, resection or combined procedures. Although the perineal approach avoids access to the peritoneal cavity, it is associated with a higher recurrence rate than the abdominal approach. Description: The video shows a 66-year-old female patient, hysterectomized by laparotomy, with a 1-year history of reduciblefull-thickness rectal prolapse, without fecal incontinence or constipation. Preoperative endoscopy ruled out associated colonic pathology. The laparoscopic approach is done with the patient placed in Trendelenburg and tilted to the right. As usual in these cases, the presence of dolichosigma and deep Douglas pouch is observed, as well as the cesarean section scar. The procedure begins with the peritoneal opening at the level of the promontory and the mobilization of the rectosigmoid junction, identifying the left ureter. Circumferential dissection is continued after opening the peritoneal reflection up to the level of the vaginal vault. Rectopexy is performed according to the Orr-Loygue technique by fixing the mesh to both lateral aspects of the rectum on one side and to the sacral promontory on the other side with 2-0 polypropylene interrupted sutures, taking care not to injure the iliac vessels and ureters. Finally, the peritoneum is closed with a running suture with polyglactin to isolate the prosthetic mesh from the visceral content. The patient had a good postoperative outcome and was discharged at 48 h. After 8 months of follow-up, she is asymptomatic and has normal colonic transit and fecal continence. Conclusion: the laparoscopic approach for the treatment of rectal prolapse is safe and offers the advantages of minimally invasive surgery. Prosthetic mesh rectopexy is a technically challenging procedure, although has better distant results. (AU)

Autotransplante dentário: da previsibilidade à técnica cirúrgica e resultados do tratamento / Dental Autotransplantation: from predictability to surgical technique and treatment results

Objetivo: apresentar o relato de duas pacientes com agenesias dentárias em que cinco dentes autotransplantados foram utilizados como modalidade de tratamento. Além disso, objetiva-se mostrar questões sobre a técnica cirúrgica, suas indicações e previsibilidade. Relato de caso: Neste estudo, foram relatados 5 casos de autotransplante dentário em duas pacientes jovens, em que a equipe realizou os procedimentos e o acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico por 5 e 7 anos. Devido à alta sensibilidade da técnica, foram seguidos princípios previamente estabelecidos na literatura envolvendo o autotransplante dentário. Durante o período de acompanhamento, os dentes se mantiveram em posição e em função e as pacientes não apresentavam queixas associadas. Considerações finais: a técnica do autotransplante dentário, quando bem indicada e executada, é capaz de promover resultados bastante satisfatórios, sendo uma ótima alternativa reabilitadora, com taxas de sucesso elevadas e custos reduzidos. No entanto, critérios em relação aos sítios doadores e receptores e a habilidade do cirurgião devem ser levados em conta para o sucesso do técnica.

Objective: presenting the report of two patients with tooth agenesis in which five autotransplanted teeth were used as a treatment modality. Furthermore, the aim is to show questions about the surgical technique and its indications and predictability. Case report: In this study, 5 cases of dental autotransplantation were reported in two young patients, in which the team performed procedures and had clinical and radiographic follow-up for 5 and 7 years. Due to the high sensitivity of the technique, principles previously established in the literature involving dental autotransplantation were followed. During the follow-up period, the teeth remained in position and function and the patients had no associated complaints. Final considerations: the dental autotransplantation technique, when well indicated and executed, is capable of achieving very satisfactory results, being a great rehabilitative alternative, with high success rates and reduced costs. However, criteria regarding donor and receptor sites and the surgeon's skill must be taken into account for the success of the technique.

Relação entre a condição bucal de gestantes internadas e desfechos adversos na gestação / Relationship between the oral condition of hospitalized pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Objetivo: avaliar se a condição bucal favoreceu a presença de desfechos adversos da gestação (DAG) em mulheres internadas e acompanhadas em um hospital escola. Métodos: um estudo de coorte retrospectiva com mulheres grávidas que foram internadas entre setembro de 2019 e início de março de 2020 e que continuaram o acompanhamento obstétrico. Resultados: Das 65 gestantes que seguiram acompanhamento, 27 (41,5%) dos bebês nasceram pré-termo e 20 (30,8%) com baixo peso, sendo que as duas condições estavam presentes em 15 crianças (23,1%), sendo significantemente relacionadas com a menor semana gestacional na internação. Ao relacionar diferentes fatores com o desfecho pré-termo, houve diferença significante em gestantes com a ocupação "do lar" e com o tempo de internação igual ou maior que 10 dias e com a presença de baixo peso ao nascer. Não foi observada relação dos dados avaliados da condição bucal das gestantes na internação com o parto pré-termo. Conclusões: Gestantes que necessitam de internação hospitalar durante a gravidez, independente da condição bucal, aumentam a possibilidade de apresentarem DAG, sendo fundamental a realização do correto acompanhamento pré-natal.(AU)

Objective: to assess whether the oral condition favored the presence of adverse effects during pregnancy in pregnant women hospitalized and followed up at a teaching hospital. Methods: a retrospective cohort study with mothers who were hospitalized during pregnancy between September 2019 and early March 2020 and who continued obstetric follow-up. Results: 83 pregnant women were interviewed and 65 were followed up Of the 65 pregnant women who followed up, 27 (41.5%) of the babies were born preterm and 20 (30.8%) with low birth weight, and both conditions were present in 15 children (23.1%), being significantly related to the shortest gestational week at admission. When relating different factors with the preterm outcome, there was a significant difference in pregnant women with the occupation "housewife" and with the length of hospital stay equal to or greater than 10 days and with the presence of low birth weight. There was no relationship between the evaluated data on the oral condition of pregnant women during hospitalization and preterm delivery. Conclusions: Pregnant women who require hospitalization during pregnancy, regardless of oral condition, increase the possibility of having negative pregnancy outcomes, and correct prenatal care is essential. (AU)

Periodontitis en niños sanos de 3 años: dos casos con seguimiento a 5 años / Periodontitis in healthy 3-year-old children: two cases with 5-year follow-up

Objetivo: La periodontitis en dentición primaria es ex- cepcional en niños sin enfermedades sistémicas. El objetivo de este informe es describir las características clínicas y ra- diográficas de dos casos de niños de 3 años sistémicamente sanos con periodontitis, y su tratamiento con seguimiento a 5 años. Casos clínicos: En ambos casos, a los 3 años de edad los niños fueron derivados al especialista en periodoncia por su odontopediatra debido a la pérdida muy temprana de inci- sivos inferiores. El examen clínico y radiográfico mostró pér- dida de inserción clínica, pérdida ósea y movilidad dental en otros incisivos superiores e inferiores. Se realizó la intercon- sulta médica y se descartó que los niños padecieran enferme- dades relacionadas con el diagnóstico de periodontitis como manifestación de una enfermedad sistémica. El tratamiento consistió en la instrucción de medidas de higiene bucal que debían ser ejecutadas por los padres, ins- trumentación subgingival, antisépticos locales, medicación antibiótica sistémica y mantenimiento periodontal. No se rea- lizaron extracciones como parte del tratamiento. En ambos casos uno de los incisivos presentes al momento de la con- sulta se perdió prematuramente, antes de los 4 años. El resto de los incisivos primarios cumplieron su ciclo normal. Luego de 5 años de seguimiento, a la edad de 8 años, ambos niños presentaban los incisivos y los primeros molares permanentes periodontalmente sanos y el resto de los dientes primarios sin signos de periodontitis (AU)

Aim: Periodontitis in primary dentition is exceptional in children without systemic diseases. The objective of this article is to describe the clinical and radiographic charac- teristics of two cases of systemically healthy 3-year-old chil- dren with periodontitis, and their treatment, with a 5-year follow-up. Clinical cases: In both cases, at 3 years of age, the chil- dren were referred to a periodontic specialist by their pediat- ric dentist, due to the very early loss of lower incisors. Clin- ical and radiographic examination showed loss of clinical attachment, bone loss and dental mobility in other upper and lower incisors. A medical consultation was carried out and diseases related to the diagnosis of periodontitis as a mani- festation of a systemic disease were ruled out. The treatment consisted of instruction on oral hygiene measures that had to be carried out by the parents, subgingival instrumentation, local antiseptics, systemic antibiotic medication, and perio- dontal maintenance. No extractions were performed as part of the treatment. In both cases, one of the incisors present at the time of consultation was lost prematurely, before the age of 4 years. The rest of the primary incisors completed their normal cycle. After 5 years of follow-up, at the age of 8 years, both children showed periodontally healthy incisors and first permanent molars, and the rest of the primary teeth without signs of periodontitis (AU)

Microorganismos aislados de hemocultivos en niños con leucemia y linforma: Seis años de seguimiento / Microorganisms isolated from blood cultures in children with leukemia and lymphoma: six years of follow-up

Las Leucemias y linfomas constituyen las enfermedades oncológicas más frecuentes en pediatría y las bacteriemias representan infecciones graves en estos pacientes. Objetivos: describir los microorganismos aislados de sangre en pacientes con leucemia aguda o linfoma pediátrico; comparar la incidencia de aislamientos según enfermedad de base; detallar las variaciones en la incidencia de dichos aislamientos y la evolución de su resistencia antimicrobiana. Estudio retrospectivo, observacional. Se incluyeron 823 episodios de bacteriemia en 467 pacientes pediátricos, entre julio-2016 y junio-2022, dividido en tres períodos (período-1: años 2016- 2018, período-2: años 2018-2020, período-3: años 2020-2022). Se aislaron 880 microorganismos: 55,3% gram negativos (GN), 40% gram positivos (GP) y 4,7% levaduras. En GN predominaron: enterobacterias (72%) y en GP: estreptococos del grupo viridans (SGV) (34,1%). Se encontró asociación entre LLA-enterobacterias (p=0,009) y LMA-SGV (p<0,001). Hubo aumento de GN entre los períodos 1 y 3 (p=0,02) y 2 y 3 (p=0,002) y disminución de GP entre 2 y 3 (p=0,01). Se registraron los siguientes mecanismos de resistencia: BLEE (16,4%), carbapenemasas: KPC (2,5%); MBL (2,7%) y OXA (0,2%); meticilinorresistencia en Staphylococcus aureus (20%) y estafilococos coagulasa negativos (95%), vancomicina resistencia en Enterococcus spp. (39%), SGV no sensibles a penicilina (44%) y a cefotaxima (13%). Hubo aumento de MBL entre los períodos 1 y 2 (p=0,02) y una tendencia en disminución de sensibilidad a penicilina en SGV entre el 1 y 3 (p=0,058). El conocimiento dinámico y análisis de estos datos es esencial para generar estadísticas a nivel local, fundamentales para el diseño de guías de tratamientos empíricos (AU)

Leukemias and lymphomas are the most common cancers in children and bacteremia is a severe infection in these patients. Objectives: to describe the microorganisms isolated from blood in pediatric patients with acute leukemia or lymphoma; to compare the incidence of isolates according to the underlying disease; and to detail the variations in the incidence of these isolates and the evolution of their antimicrobial resistance. Retrospective, observational study. We included 823 episodes of bacteremia in 467 pediatric patients seen between July-2016 and June-2022, divided into three periods (period-1: 2016- 2018, period-2: 2018-2020, period-3: 2020-2022). A total of 880 microorganisms were isolated: 55.3% were gram-negative (GN), 40% gram-positive (GP) and 4.7% yeasts. In GN there was a predominance of: enterobacteria (72%) and in GP viridans group streptococci (VGS) (34.1%). An association was found between ALL-enterobacteria (p=0.009) and AML-VGS (p<0.001). There was an increase in GN between periods 1 and 3 (p=0.02) and 2 and 3 (p=0.002) and a decrease in GP between 2 and 3 (p=0.01). The following resistance mechanisms were recorded: BLEE (16.4%), carbapenemases: KPC (2.5%), MBL (2.7%), and OXA (0.2%); methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (20%) and coagulase negative staphylococci (95%), vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus spp. (39%), VGS resistant to penicillin (44%) and to cefotaxime (13%). There was an increase in MBL between periods 1 and 2 (p=0.02) and a decreasing trend in penicillin sensitivity in VGS between periods 1 and 3 (p=0.058). Dynamic knowledge and analysis of these data is essential to generate statistics at the local level, which is fundamental for the design of empirical treatment guidelines (AU)

Reparación quirúrgica por vía vaginal de fístulas vesicovaginales: una experiencia exitosa / Vaginal surgical repair of vesico-vaginal fistulas: a successful experience

OBJETIVO: Se presenta una serie de casos de reparación por vía vaginal de fístula vesicovaginal (FVV) de nuestro centro. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional descriptivo. Se evaluaron todas las pacientes con reparación quirúrgica de FVV en el Centro de Innovación de Piso Pélvico del Hospital Sótero del Río entre 2016 y 2022. RESULTADOS: Se reportaron 16 casos, de los cuales el 81,3% fueron secundarios a cirugía ginecológica. En todos se realizó la reparación por vía vaginal, con cierre por planos. En el 94% (15/16) se logró una reparación exitosa en un primer intento. El tiempo de seguimiento poscirugía fue de 10 meses (rango: 3-29). No hubo casos de recidiva en el seguimiento. Una paciente presentó fístula de novo, la cual se reparó de manera exitosa en un segundo intento por vía vaginal. Se reportaron satisfechas con la cirugía 15 pacientes, con mejoría significativa de su calidad de vida. Una paciente reportó sentirse igual (6,3%), pero sus síntomas se debían a síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva que la paciente no lograba diferenciar de los síntomas previos a la cirugía. CONCLUSIÓN: Las FVV en los países desarrollados son secundarias a cirugía ginecológica benigna. La cirugía por vía vaginal en nuestra serie demostró una alta tasa de éxito, con mejora significativa en la calidad de vida de las pacientes.

OBJETIVE: We present a case series of vesico-vaginal fistulas (VVF) vaginal repair in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive observational study. All patients with surgical repair of VVF at the Centro de Innovación en Piso Pélvico of Hospital Sótero del Río were evaluated between September 2016 and September 2022. RESULTS: 16 cases were reported. 81.3% were secondary to gynecological surgery. In all cases, a vaginal repair was performed, with a layered closure. 94% (15/16) had no contrast extravasation at the time of examination, confirming fistula closure. The follow-up time was 10 months (range: 3-29). There were no cases of recurrence during follow-up. 1 patient presented de novo fistula which was successfully repaired in a second attempt vaginally. 15/16 patients reported being satisfied with the surgery, with significant improvement in quality of life. 1 patient reported feeling the same (6.3%), but her symptoms were due to overactive bladder syndrome that the patient could not differentiate from the symptoms prior to surgery. CONCLUSION: VFV in developed countries are mainly secondary to benign gynecological surgery. Vaginal surgery in our series achieved a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients.

Manejo exitoso de síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva refractaria con toxina botulínica A / Successful management of refractory overactive bladder syndrome with botulinum toxin A

Introducción: El síndrome de vejiga hiperactiva (VHA) afecta hasta al 43% de las mujeres. La terapia escalonada incluye cambios de hábitos, fármacos y neuromodulación. Hasta el 40% de las pacientes llegan a requerir terapia avanzada alternativa, como toxina botulínica (TB). Objetivo: Reportar los resultados del tratamiento con toxina botulínica en mujeres con VHA refractaria a tratamiento de primera y segunda línea, en un hospital público en Chile. Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo desde una base de datos recolectada prospectivamente del Hospital Sótero del Río entre 2018 y 2022. Se incluyeron 33 pacientes con tratamiento farmacológico y neuromodulación previa, con una edad promedio de 57 años, sometidas a inyección cistoscópica de TB a detrusor, analizando datos demográficos, antecedentes y complicaciones. Se realizó seguimiento con frecuencia miccional, paños/día, escala de gravedad de Sandvik (ISI) y encuesta Patient Global Impression Improvement (PGI-I). Resultados: Los datos comparativos pre/post TB, respectivamente, fueron: frecuencia miccional diurna 11/6 y nocturna 5/1; paños/día 5/3; ISI 8/3. Veinte de 33 mujeres refirieron estar excelente o mucho mejor (PGI-I). Conclusiones: Es posible realizar manejo con TB en mujeres con VHA refractaria a primera y segunda línea, con buenos resultados e impacto significativo en la calidad de vida.

Introduction: Overactive bladder syndrome (OABS) affects up to 43% of women. Staggered therapy includes habit changes, drugs, and peripheral neuromodulation. Up to 40% of patients may require advanced alternative therapy such as botulinum toxin A (BT). Objective: To report the results of treatment with TB in women with OABS refractory to first- and second-line treatment in a public hospital in Chile. Method: Retrospective cohort study from prospectively collected database from Hospital Sótero del Río between 2018 and 2022. Thirty-three patients with previous pharmacological treatment and neuromodulation were included, with an average age of 57 years, undergoing cystoscopic injection of TB to detrusor. Demographic data, history, and complications were analyzed. Follow-up was performed with voiding frequency, cloths/day, Sandvik Severity Scale (ISI) and Patient Global Impression Improvement (PGI-I) survey. Results: Comparative data pre/post TB, respectively showed: daytime voiding frequency 11/6 and nighttime 5/1; cloths/day 5/3; ISI 8/3. 20 of 33 women reported being excellent or much better (PGI-I). Conclusions: TB management in women with OABS refractory to first- and second-line treatment has good results and significant impact on quality of life.

Morphometric examination of the trachea and bronchi in follow-up computed tomography scans of COVID-19 patients / Examen morfométrico de la tráquea y los bronquios en tomografías computarizadas de seguimiento de pacientes con COVID-19

SUMMARY: The purpose of this study is to evaluate changes in the trachea and bronchi using 3-dimensional reconstruction images obtained from the initial and follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans of COVID-19 patients. A hundred COVID-19 patients over the age of 18 were included in our study. CT images were transferred to Mimics software, and a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the trachea and bronchi was performed. The initial and follow-up CT images of COVID-19 patients were graded as none (grade 0), mild (grade 1), moderate (grade 2), and severe (grade 3) according to the total lung severity score. The patients were divided into progression and regression groups according to the grade increase/decrease between the initial and follow-up CTs. Moreover, the patients were divided into groups as 0-2 weeks, 2-4 weeks, 4-12 weeks, and over 12 weeks according to the duration between the initial and follow-up CTs. The mean cross-sectional area, circumference, and diameter measurements of the right upper lobar bronchus, intermediate bronchus, middle lobar bronchus, and left lower lobar bronchus decreased in the follow-up CTs of the progression group. This decrease was not found to be statistically significant. In the follow-up CTs of the regression group, the left upper lobar bronchus and left lower lobar bronchus measurements increased but not statistically significant. Upon comparing the onset of the disease and the follow-up period, statistically significant changes did not occur in the trachea, main bronchus, and lobar bronchus of COVID-19 patients.

El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la tráquea y los bronquios utilizando imágenes de reconstrucción tridimensionales obtenidas de las tomografías computarizadas (TC) iniciales y de seguimiento de pacientes con COVID-19. En nuestro estudio se incluyeron 100 pacientes con COVID-19 mayores de 18 años. Las imágenes de TC se transfirieron al software Mimics y se realizó una reconstrucción tridimensional de la tráquea y los bronquios. Las imágenes de TC iniciales y de seguimiento de los pacientes con COVID-19 se calificaron como ninguna (grado 0), leve (grado 1), moderada (grado 2) y grave (grado 3) según la puntuación total de gravedad pulmonar. Los pacientes se dividieron en grupos de progresión y regresión según el aumento/disminución del grado entre las TC iniciales y de seguimiento. Además, los pacientes se dividieron en grupos de 0 a 2 semanas, de 2 a 4 semanas, de 4 a 12 semanas y de más de 12 semanas según la duración entre la TC inicial y la de seguimiento. Las mediciones medias del área transversal, la circunferencia y el diámetro del bronquio lobar superior derecho, el bronquio intermedio, el bronquio lobar medio y el bronquio lobar inferior izquierdo disminuyeron en las TC de seguimiento del grupo de progresión. No se encontró que esta disminución fuera estadísticamente significativa. En las TC de seguimiento del grupo de regresión, las mediciones del bronquio lobar superior izquierdo y del bronquio lobar inferior izquierdo aumentaron pero no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Al comparar el inicio de la enfermedad y el período de seguimiento, no ocurrieron cambios estadísticamente significativos en la tráquea, el bronquio principal y el bronquio lobar de los pacientes con COVID-19.

Evaluation of the follow-up of children treated for congenital syphilis in a municipality in the state of Espírito Santo, when it lacked crystalline penicillin / valiação do acompanhamento de crianças tratadas para sífilis congênita em município do estado do espírito santo em época de falta de penicilina cristalina

Introduction: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. In Brazil, its incidence has increased, along with the lack of penicillin, the antibiotic of choice for congenital syphilis, from 2014 to 2017. During this period, children were treated with alternative drugs, but to date, data from the scientific literature do not recommend another antibiotic. Objective: To compare the progression, according to the established treatment, and evaluate the follow-up in health care facilities in Vila Velha (Espírito Santo) of children with congenital syphilis aged up to two years, born in Hospital Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves ­ a reference in neonatology and low-risk pregnancy in the state at the time ­ from 2015 to 2016, when the hospital experienced a greater lack of penicillin. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study based on data from medical records of the hospital and other healthcare facilities in the city. We performed statistical analyses, per health district, of epidemiological and sociodemographic data, as well as those related to visits, their frequency, and clinical profile, according to the follow-up parameters proposed by the Ministry of Health at the time. Results: Medical records of 121 children were evaluated, presenting as the main findings: only 35% of the children completed the follow-up; among those treated with ceftriaxone, 55.2% completed the follow-up, and 100% of the children whose venereal disease research laboratory was greater than that of their mother at birth completed the follow-up. Of the symptomatic children at birth who remained or became symptomatic at follow-up, 58.8% used ceftriaxone. Conclusion: Among symptomatic children at birth, most of those treated with ceftriaxone remained symptomatic at follow-up. The Counseling and Testing Center was the most successful facility in the follow-up of these children. District 5 had the lowest success rate in the follow-up of these patients, and districts 1 and 2 showed the lowest rates of appropriate approach to congenital syphilis during follow-up. (AU)

Introdução: A sífilis é uma infecção sexualmente transmissível causada pela bactéria Treponema pallidum. No Brasil, sua incidência vem aumentando, acompanhada da falta de penicilina, antibiótico de escolha para a sífilis congênita, no período de 2014­2017. Nesse período, as crianças foram tratadas com medicamentos alternativos, porém dados da literatura científica até o momento não recomendam outro antibiótico. Objetivo: Comparar a evolução, de acordo com o tratamento instituído, e avaliar o acompanhamento nas unidades de saúde em Vila Velha (ES), até os dois anos de idade, das crianças com sífilis congênita nascidas no Hospital Infantil e Maternidade Alzir Bernardino Alves ­ referência em neonatologia e gravidez de baixo risco no estado na época ­ de 2015 a 2016, período em que houve maior falta de penicilina no hospital. Métodos: Estudo observacional do tipo transversal, retrospectivo, baseado em dados dos prontuários do hospital e outras Unidades de Saúde do município. Foram analisados estatisticamente, por região de saúde, dados epidemiológicos, sociodemográficos, bem como relativos às consultas, sua periodicidade e ao perfil clínico, de acordo com os parâmetros de seguimento propostos pelo Ministério da Saúde na época. Resultados: Avaliaram-se os prontuários de 121 crianças, obtendo-se como principais achados: somente 35% das crianças tiveram seguimento completo; das crianças tratadas com ceftriaxona, 55,2% tiveram seguimento completo, e 100% das crianças que tiveram VDRL maior que o da mãe no parto completaram o seguimento. Das crianças sintomáticas ao nascimento e que permaneceram ou ficaram sintomáticas no seguimento, 58,8% fizeram uso de ceftriaxona. Conclusão: Das crianças sintomáticas ao nascimento, as tratadas com ceftriaxona, em sua maioria, mantiveram-se sintomáticas no seguimento. O Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento teve maior êxito no acompanhamento dessas crianças. A região 5 teve a menor taxa de êxito no seguimento desses pacientes, e as regiões 1 e 2 menor taxa de abordagem correta para sífilis congênita durante o seguimento. (AU)

Clinical characteristics and follow-up analysis of 12 patients of acute phosphine poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with acute phosphine poisoning, and to follow up and evaluate the prognosis of patients. Methods: In May 2022, 12 patients with phosphine poisoning by respiratory inhalation in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital of Capital Medical University were analyzed. The patients were treated with symptomatic support therapy. Three months later, patients were re-evaluated the symptoms of poisoning, pulmonary function and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain to understand the prognosis of the phosphine poisoning. Results: The main symptoms of 12 patients were respiratory and central nervous system symptoms with hypoxia. The symptoms of poisoning improved after treatment. Follow-up found that the patients had different degrees of residual symptoms. Pulmonary function showed increased airway resistance. Airway challenge test was positive in some patients. MRI of the head of some patients showed small ischemic focus in bilateral frontal lobes. Conclusion: Acute phosphine poisoning may cause persistent damage to the respiratory system and central system, and residual symptoms after 3 months.

Persistence follow-up of immune memory to hepatitis B vaccine among infants with non- and low-response to primary vaccination after revaccination with three doses / 中华预防医学杂志

This study followed up the immune memory after 3-dose revaccination among infants with non-and low-response following primary hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination. About 120 children without self-booster doses were finally included who had anti-HBs<10 mIU/ml (anti-HBs negative) at the time of follow-up, of whom 86 children completed blood sampling and anti-HBs testing. Before the challenge dose, all 86 children were negative for anti-HBs, and the GMC of anti-HBs was<10 mIU/ml. The seropositive conversion rate of anti-HBs was 100% and the GMC of anti-HBs was 886.11 (95%CI: 678.15-1 157.84) mIU/ml after the challenge dose. Compared with those with GMC<7 mIU/ml before the challenge dose, infants with GMC>7 mIU/ml had a higher anti-HBs level after the challenge dose. The β value (95%CI) was 0.82 (0.18-1.46) (P=0.012). Compared with those with GMC<1 000 mIU/ml at primary vaccination, infants with GMC≥1 000 mIU/ml had a higher anti-HBs level after the challenge dose. The β value (95%CI) was 0.78 (0.18-1.38)(P=0.012). The results showed a stronger immune memory was found at 9 years after revaccination among infants with non-and low-response to HepB.

Tanshinone IIA inhibits hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy by regulating ABCE1 / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of tanshinone IIA on apoptosis and autophagy induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation in H9C2 cardiomyocytes and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#H9C2 cardiomyocytes in logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation model group and tanshinone IIA low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose groups (50, 100, 200 mg/L tanshinone IIA were treated after hypoxia/reoxygenation respectively). The dose with good therapeutic effect was selected for follow-up study. The cells were divided into control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation model group, tanshinone IIA+pcDNA3.1-NC group and tanshinone IIA+pcDNA3.1-ABCE1 group. The cells were transfected with the overexpressed plasmids pcDNA3.1-ABCE1 and pcDNA3.1-NC and then treated accordingly. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect H9C2 cell activity in each group. The apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was detected by flow cytometry. The ATP-binding cassette transporter E1 (ABCE1), apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax, caspase-3, autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3II/I) and p62 mRNA expression level of H9C2 cells in each group were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The protein expression levels of the above indexes in H9C2 cells were detected by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#(1) Cell activity and ABCE1 expression: tanshinone IIA inhibited the activity of H9C2 cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation, and the effect was significant at medium-dose [(0.95±0.05)% vs. (0.37±0.10)%, P < 0.01], mRNA and protein expression of ABCE1 were significantly reduced [ABCE1 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt): 2.02±0.13 vs. 3.74±0.17, ABCE1 protein (ABCE1/GAPDH): 0.46±0.04 vs. 0.68±0.07, both P < 0.05]. (2) Expression of apoptosis-related proteins: medium-dose of tanshinone IIA inhibited the apoptosis of H9C2 cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation [apoptosis rate: (28.26±2.52)% vs. (45.27±3.07)%, P < 0.05]. Compared with the hypoxia/reoxygenation model group, medium-dose of tanshinone IIA significantly down-regulated the protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 in H9C2 cells induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation, and significantly up-regulated the protein expression of Bcl-2 [Bax (Bax/GAPDH): 0.28±0.03 vs. 0.47±0.03, caspase-3 (caspase-3/GAPDH): 0.31±0.02 vs. 0.44±0.03, Bcl-2 (Bcl-2/GAPDH): 0.53±0.02 vs. 0.37±0.05, all P < 0.05]. (3) Expression of autophagy-related proteins: compared with the control group, the positive rate of LC3 in the hypoxia/reoxygenation model group was significantly increased, while the positive rate of LC3 in the medium-dose of tanshinone IIA group was significantly decreased [(20.67±3.09)% vs. (42.67±3.86)%, P < 0.01]. Compared with hypoxia/reoxygenation model group, medium-dose of tanshinone IIA significantly down-regulated Beclin-1, LC3II/I and p62 protein expressions [Beclin-1 (Beclin-1/GAPDH): 0.27±0.05 vs. 0.47±0.03, LC3II/I ratio: 0.24±0.05 vs. 0.47±0.04, p62 (p62/GAPDH): 0.21±0.03 vs. 0.48±0.02, all P < 0.05]. (4) Expression of apoptosis and autophagy related proteins after transfection with overexpressed ABCE1 plasmid: compared with tanshinone IIA+pcDNA3.1-NC group, the protein expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, Beclin-1, LC3II/I and p62 in tanshinone IIA+pcDNA3.1-ABCE1 group were significantly up-regulated, while the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated.@*CONCLUSIONS@#100 mg/L tanshinone IIA could inhibit autophagy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by regulating the expression level of ABCE1. So, it protects H9C2 cardiomyocytes injury induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation.

Research hotspots in post-discharge follow-up management of preterm infants / 中国当代儿科杂志

Preterm infants, especially those born extremely or very prematurely, are at high risk for growth retardation and neurodevelopmental disorders. Regular follow-up after discharge, early intervention, and timely catch-up growth are important guarantees for improving the quality of life of preterm infants and improving the quality of the population. This article provides an overview of the research hotspots in follow-up management of preterm infants after discharge over the past two years, including follow-up modes, nutritional metabolism and body composition follow-up, growth pattern follow-up, neurodevelopmental follow-up, early intervention, etc., in order to provide clinical guidance and research ideas for domestic peers.

Follow-up and prognostic study of infants with positional plagiocephaly / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effects of infantile positional plagiocephaly on the growth and neural development.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted on the medical data of 467 children who underwent craniographic examination and were followed up to 3 years of age in Peking University Third Hospital from June 2018 to May 2022. They were divided into four groups: mild positional plagiocephaly (n=108), moderate positional plagiocephaly (n=49), severe positional plagiocephaly (n=12), and normal cranial shape (n=298). The general information of the four groups and the weight, length, head circumference, visual acuity screening results, hearing test results, and the scores of Pediatric Neuropsychological Developmental Scales/Gesell Developmental Schedules of the four groups from 6 to 36 months old were compared.@*RESULTS@#The rates of adverse perinatal factors, congenital muscular torticollis, and supine fixed sleeping posture in the mild, moderate, and severe positional plagiocephaly groups were higher than the normal cranial group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in weight, length, and head circumference among the four groups at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of age (P>0.05). The incidence rate of abnormal vision in the severe positional plagiocephaly group was higher than that in the mild positional plagiocephaly, moderate positional plagiocephaly and normal cranial shape groups at 24 and 36 months of age (P<0.05). The scores of the Pediatric Neuropsychological Developmental Scales at 12 and 24 months of age and the scores of the Gesell Developmental Schedules at 36 months of age in the severe positional plagiocephaly group were lower than those in the mild positional plagiocephaly, moderate positional plagiocephaly and normal cranial shape groups, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Adverse perinatal factors, congenital muscular torticollis, and supine fixed sleeping position may be associated with infantile positional plagiocephaly. Mild or moderate positional plagiocephaly has no significant impact on the growth and neural development of children. Severe positional plagiocephaly have adverse effects on the visual acuity. However, it is not considered that severe positional plagiocephaly can affect the neurological development.